Absolutism
Absolutism was the concept that all the power belonged to Kings and Queens. Basically the royal family.
Why absolutism?
In the middle ages there were hard times in Europe so the royal family basically said "if you can't get it done I will!". " I'M TIRED OF THIS CRAP!, it my turn!"
Devine Right
This was the concept that if you were born into the royal family, God chose you to be in that situation.